victoria glacier receding

From 1970 to 2004, mountain glaciers thinned (yellow and red) in some regions and thickened (blue) in others. The Illecillewaet Glacier in British Columbia's Glacier National Park (Canada), part of the Selkirk Mountains (west of the Rockies) has retreated 2km (1.2mi) since first photographed in 1887. Moraine from the rapidly receding Victoria Glacier above Lake Louise, Banff National Park, UNESCO World Heritage Site, Alberta, Canadian Rockies, Canada, North America The acceleration of the rate of retreat since 1995 of key outlet glaciers of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets may foreshadow a rise in sea level, which would affect coastal regions. Fig. [57], Details on the retreat of Siberian and Russian Far East glaciers have been less adequate than in most other glaciated areas of the world. Golledge, M. Hemer, R.E. Reduced glacial runoff can lead to insufficient stream flow to allow these species to thrive. Its rate of retreat has increased since 1980, following a period of slow retreat from 1950 to 1980. [24] In Switzerland plastic sheeting is also used to reduce the melt of glacial ice used as ski slopes. Science Photo Library (SPL) 99% of travelers recommend this experience. Monte Perdido Glacier has shrunk from 90 hectares to 40 hectares. Drybased glaciers of the Dry Valleys area descend into major valleys cut by very old (late Tertiary) glaciations (Reference Selby and WilsonSelby and Wilson, 1971; Reference MayewskiMayewski, 1975; Reference Denton, Denton, Prentice, Kellogg and KelloggDenton and others, 1984) and are frequently encircled at the snouts by arcuate moraines attributed to Alpine glaciation episodes I, II, and III (Reference Calkin, Calkin, Behling and BullCalkin and others, 1970). I always remember the name because of my own name which is Victoria, so I think it quite an honor. Chemical composition of ice samples from Victoria Lower Glacier compared with different types of waters in the Dry Valleys area (after Torii and others. Victoria Lower Glacier and adjacent glaciers:contours and flow lines showing directions of ice flow. We took beautiful pictures of the glacier as well as of the spectacular Lake Louise. [84] The glacier again retreated 450m (1,480ft) from 1987 to 2005, leaving barren terrain behind. December 12, 2011. Browse 858 receding glacier stock photos and images available, or search for global warming or drought to find more great stock photos and pictures. There is apparently no supply from Wilson Piedmont Glacier. Athabasca Glacier Snow Trip from Banff. Future changes of the terminus of Portage Glacier will depend on a variety of factors. R, level of Ross Sea I ice (Stuiver and others, 1981); BR. [106] 99.64% of tropical glaciers are in Andean mountains of South America, 0.25% on the African glaciers of Rwenzori, Mount Kenya and Kilimanjaro, and 0.11% in the Irian Jaya region in New Guinea. [169] A study published in 2015 concluded that Totten Glacier, has the largest contribution of ice thinning rate on the East Antarctic continent, and that the thinning is driven by enhanced basal melting, because of ocean processes, and affected by polynya activity. European Alpine Glaciers Receding. Alaska It is nice little hike to see the glacier . The Balaitus, Perdigurero and La Munia glaciers have disappeared in this period. During the warm season months . Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, "Accelerated mass loss of Himalayan glaciers since the Little Ice Age", "Global glacier change in the 21st century: Every increase in temperature matters", "The Shrinking Glaciers of Kilimanjaro: Can Global Warming Be Blamed? [International Council of Scientific Unions, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research. In 2002 the glacier extends 2.3 km downvalley from the base of the Icefall at Point A. The Little Ice Age was a period from about 1550 to 1850 when certain regions experienced relatively cooler temperatures compared to the time before and after. The photographs below clearly demonstrate the retreat of this glacier since 1938. The glacier was named in 1891 by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey for Henry Laurens Dawes, a lawyer and statesman in . The retreat of these glaciers has been marked by expanding proglacial lakes and terminus region thinning. [146] Researchers also noted that the acceleration was widespread affecting almost all glaciers south of 70 N by 2005. Just a magical place. [79] Tajikistan and neighboring countries of the Pamir Range are highly dependent upon glacial runoff to ensure river flow during droughts and the dry seasons experienced every year. The maximum Holocene incursion into Victoria Valley by Victoria Lower Glacier appears to have been only marginally greater than its present position, and the glacieris currently thinning and retreating. As with glaciers worldwide, those of the greater Himalayan region are experiencing a decline in mass, and researchers claim that between the early 1970s and early 2000s, there had been a 9percent reduction in ice mass,[62] while there has been a significant increase in mass loss since the Little Ice Age with a 10-fold increase when compared to rates seen currently. Kavanaugh explained this phenomenon to . This number is based on the percentage of all Tripadvisor reviews for this product that have a bubble rating of 4 or higher. Canyoning - Heart Creek Canyon (Beginner level) 12. Sakha's glaciers, totaling seventy square kilometers, have shrunk by around 28percent since 1945 reaching several percent annually in some places, whilst in the Altai and Chukotkan mountains and non-volcanic areas of Kamchatka, the shrinkage is considerably larger. One of these blocks, located in Fig. endangered species. As with examples located in the tropical zone, virtually all the glaciers in the mid-latitudes are in a state of negative mass balance and are retreating. Ross Sea I ice had effectively retreated from the Dry Valleys by about 8000 radiocarbon years BP (Reference Hendy, Hendy, Healy, Rayner, Shaw and WilsonHendy and others, 1979; Reference Stuiver, Stuiver, Denton, Hughes, Fastook, Denton and HughesStuiver and others, 1981), leaving the Ross drift deposits which are commonly ice-cored. Kopp, G. Krinner, A. [45] Brenndalsbreen glacier retreated 56m (184ft) between the years 2000 and 2014, while the Rembesdalsskka glacier, which has retreated 2km (1.2mi) since the end of the Little Ice Age, retreated 200m (660ft) between 1997 and 2007. Schoolroom Glacier is located slightly southwest of Grand Teton is one of the more easily reached glaciers in the park and it is expected to disappear by 2025. Danh sch Gio X Gio H Gio phn H Tnh Brill, Tijdschrift van het Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 1913, p. 180. Small glaciers with minimal altitude range are most likely to fall into disequilibrium with the climate. The enhanced melting leading to lubrication of the glacier base has been observed to cause a small seasonal velocity increase and the release of meltwater lakes has also led to only small short term accelerations. [161] Wilkins Ice Shelf is another ice shelf that has suffered substantial retreat. Victoria Lower Glacier is a complex structure of ice from two distinct sources (Schultz Glacier to the north and a local nv of Victoria Lower Glacier) that join at a broad median shear zone. London Find the perfect victoria glacier hotel stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. [100] In the Aconcagua River Basin, glacier retreat has resulted in a 20% loss in glacier area, declining from 151km2 (58sqmi) to 121km2 (47sqmi). Perito Moreno Glacier is in equilibrium, but has undergone frequent oscillations in the period 194796, with a net gain of 4.1km (2.5mi). [11], In the French alps, all the glaciers there are retreating. Since 1980 numerous small glacial lakes formed behind the new terminal moraines of several of these glaciers. [108], To the north of Kilimanjaro lies Mount Kenya, which at 5,199m (17,057ft) is the second tallest mountain on the continent. This hole, extending through the 6m (20ft) remaining thickness of the glacier to the underlying rock, was expected to grow and split the glacier in two by 2007. Read more. Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. The expanding Victoria Lower Glacier, being small, would have been (and presumably still is) a dry-based glacier incapable of significant basal erosion. Moraine from the rapidly receding Victoria Glacier above Lake Louise in the Canadian Rockies. This elongated depression, up to 16 m wide and 3 m deep, separates the glacier from a sandy surface which slopes outward at 3. Although all of Iceland's outlet glaciers are currently retreating, some glaciers like the Breidamerkurjkull . 2) is debris-free and almost completely clear of snow. World Glacier Monitoring Service. Objection: A few glaciers receding today is not proof of global warming. What is the average depth of the glaciers in this area? 5 Single fold at the margin of northern shear zone, Schultz Glacier ice. [113] During fieldwork conducted early in 2006, scientists discovered a large hole near the center of the glacier. The likelihood of such events is rising due to the creation and expansion of glacial lakes resulting from glacier retreat. Fox-Kemper, B., H.T. [83], As recently as 1975 many North Cascade glaciers were advancing due to cooler weather and increased precipitation that occurred from 1944 to 1976. I may be confused, but the map accompanying this location doesn't appear to be Victoria Glacier. more, #95 of 123 things to do in Banff National Park. [60], The Himalayas and other mountain chains of central Asia support large glaciated regions. The water from the glaciers also supplies rivers that have in some cases been dammed for hydroelectric power. From airborne radio echo-sounding measurements, Reference CalkinCalkin (1974) gave an elevation of about 600 m for the subglacial threshold across lower Victoria Valley. For this mountain there is photographic evidence of massive glacial retreat since the region was first extensively explored by airplane in 1936 in preparation for the peak's first ascent. The continued demise of glacier ice will result in a short-term increase, followed by a long-term decrease in glacial melt water flowing into rivers and streams. Glaciers are retreating worldwide, exposing new terrain to colonization by plants. If the system detects something that potentially contradicts our. 50100 m of bare ground between the ice cone and the present small glacier front is veneered by fresh debris, with gravel and sand lying loosely on larger boulders. A number of prominent ridges of moraine occur against and up to 100 m from the terminus of ice body C. [42] In Norway, glacier studies have been performed since the early 19th century, with systematic surveys undertaken regularly since the 1990s. [3], The mass balance, or difference between accumulation and ablation (melting and sublimation), of a glacier is crucial to its survival. Between 1971 and 1975 Ivory Glacier receded 30m (98ft) from the glacial terminus, and about 26% of its surface area was lost. Chemical composition of ice samples from Victoria Lower Glacier compared with different types of waters in the Dry Valleys area (after Reference Torii, Torii, Murata and YamagataTorii and others. The sharply defined and deformed junction near the snout between ice bodies A and C suggests a considerable difference in respective ice velocities, leading to a structure compatible with both drag and compression (Fig. Like rivers flowing from an enormous lake, numerous outlet glaciers transport ice from the margins of the ice sheet to the ocean. Between 1850 and 1950, the Boulder Glacier on the southeast flank of Mount Baker retreated 8,700 feet (2,700m). In this respect, part of the terminus of Victoria Lower Glacier is unusual. [81][82], The Cascade Range of western North America extends from southern British Columbia in Canada to northern California. Tyndall Glacier became separated from the retreating Guyot Glacier in the 1960s and has retreated 24km (15mi) since, averaging more than 500m (1,600ft) per year. The uniformity of the sediments and thickness of the blocks, together with a high concentration of salts, suggest that they are derived from a former lake or pond, rather than a stream bed. [48], In the Spanish Pyrenees, recent studies have shown important losses in extent and volume of the glaciers of the Maladeta massif during the period 19812005. Glaciers such as Classen, Godley and Douglas now all have new glacial lakes below their terminal locations due to the glacial retreat over the past 20 years. [41], Though the glaciers of the Alps have received more attention from glaciologists than in other areas of Europe, research indicates that glaciers in northern Europe are also retreating. Your email address will not be published. The Breidamerkurjkull is an outlet glacier, which is part of Vatnajkull--the largest ice cap in Europe. Subsequent withdrawal of the Ross Ice Shelfice permitted a closer approach by the open sea and an increase in easterly snowfalls, which nourished the growth of Wilson Piedmont and Victoria Lower Glaciers. On a busy day, thousands of tourists visit the Mendenhall Glacier in Juneau. Although Victoria Lower Glacier appears to be an inland extension of a tongue of the coastal Wilson Piedmont Glacier, the true extent of the glacier and sources of ice feeding the tongue may be delineated by constructing flow lines on a contour map (lines drawn normal to mapped contours of a glacier surface closely follow ice-flow lines and may be used to trace flow paths). The Altai region has also experienced an overall temperature increase of 1.2 degrees Celsius in the last 120years according to a report from 2006, with most of that increase occurring since the late 20th century. [143] Similarly, Midre Lovenbreen retreated 200m (660ft) between 1977 and 1995. Evidence from the margins indicates that the glacier is currently receding. The tongue is typical of the glaciers of the area which carry minimal surficial debris and terminate at ice-cliffed margins (Reference ChinnChinn, 1980, Reference Chinn1981). Firstly, the regions are the warmest part of the planet. A number of features at the margin do indicate that ice is at present receding, although the internal structure of the Victoria Lower Glacier system does not provide information on the present equilibrium of the glacier. Victoria Glacier in Sentinel images from February 2017 and February 2022. Detail of part of Figure 4: (a) sketch map of glacier margin, width of sketch approximately 300 m; (b) interpretative diagram of structure along XY. Banff Norquay Summer Sightseeing and Via Ferrata. Explore different ways to experience this place. [58] Nonetheless, available records do indicate a general retreat of all glaciers in the Altai Mountains with the exception of volcanic glaciers in Kamchatka. In Patagonia on the southern tip of the continent, the large ice caps have retreated a 1km (0.62mi) since the early 1990s and 10km (6.2mi) since the late 19th century. The IPCC predicted that Himalayan glaciers would likely melt away by 2035, a prediction they disavowed in 2010. [132], Most of the Icelandic glaciers retreated rapidly during the warm decades from 1930 to 1960, slowing down as the climate cooled during the following decade, and started to advance after 1970. It has also been observed that Patagonian glaciers are receding at a faster rate than in any other world region. hasContentIssue true, Copyright International Glaciological Society 1987. Glaciers have grown and receded differently in many times and places. [35] A random study of the Sforzellina Glacier in the Italian Alps indicated that the rate of retreat from 2002 to 2006 was much higher than in the preceding 35years. "A 2005 aerial survey of Alaskan coastal glaciers identified more than a dozen glaciers, many former tidewater and calving glaciers, including Grand Plateau, Alsek, Bear, and Excelsior Glaciers that are rapidly retreating. The difference is that the upper section of Easton Glacier remains healthy and snow-covered, while even the upper section of the Grinnell Glacier is bare, is melting and has thinned. Glacier mass balance is the key determinant of the health of a glacier. Athabasca Glacier Snow Trip from Banff. Continue. What restaurants are near Victoria Glacier? This is the version of our website addressed to speakers of English in United Kingdom. Although the ice level of the last Ross Sea glaciation event at approximately 20 200 year BP was up to 100 m above the rock threshold at the mouth of Victoria Valley, and could have supplied ice to the Victoria Lower Valley, it may not have done so. Thick beds of discoloured ice at the terminus of ice body C. It was these conditions that likely lead to the rapid retreat of Bear Glacier in 2019. Detail of part of Figure 4: (a) sketch map of glacier margin, width of sketch approximately 300 m; (b) interpretative diagram of structure along XY. [92] Taku Glacier has been advancing since at least 1890, when naturalist John Muir observed a large iceberg calving front. Over the course of the day, discover some of the most awe-inspiring natural scenery of . Bedding is irregular and lensoid in places, with an up-glacier dip. Ice-cliff height approximately 6 m; figure is at the site of the radiocarbon sample. Victoria Lower Glacier has been found to comprise ice from two separate sources: (A) the trunk of the adjacent Schultz Glacier which abuts against; (B) an accumulation area, feeding a tongue; (C) of discoloured ice. However, this does not preclude a correlation of the Packard drift with the Ross Sea I glaciation. [38], Research, published in 2019 by ETH Zurich, says that two-thirds of the ice in the glaciers of the Alps is doomed to melt by the end of the century due to climate change. Chemical analyses were made of ice samples from the different ice bodies and the results are listed in Table I together with the results of similar analyses, given for comparison, which were made at Meserve Glacier in the adjacent Wright Valley (Reference Holdsworth and BullHoldsworth and Bull, 1970). Westland Tai Poutini National Park, renowned for its Franz Josef and Fox Glaciers and the beautiful walks from 5 minutes to 8 hours that you can do in this area to view these amazing ice features, native forest, wildlife and waterfalls. We investigated glaciers and their changes both in-situ and with remote sensing techniques in the 53 river . [122] In the case of Qori Kalis Glacier, which is one of Quelccayas' outlet glaciers, the rate of retreat had reached 155m (509ft) per year during the three-year period of 1995 to 1998. When visiting Lake Louise and looking out over the lake, make sure you look up to see what remains of Victoria Glacier. C Victoria Lower Glacier ice, largely covered with discoloured water ice from refrozen melt caused by sand caught in the nv. The Athabasca Glacier has retreated 1,500m (4,900ft) since the late 19th century. The reduced snowpack has occurred despite a small increase in winter precipitationthus, it reflects warmer winter temperatures leading to rainfall and melting on glaciers even during the winter. Coby Beck. 100% of travelers recommend this experience. Worldwide, glaciers are shrinking and receding. 9. The Antarctic sheet is the largest known single mass of ice. R, level of Ross Sea I ice (Stuiver and others, 1981); BR. Association Internationale des Sciences Hydrologiques. Table II. Like all Canada's glaciers it is receding very rapidly due to climate change. Download this stock image: The Victoria Glacier above Lake Louise in the Canadian Rockies. LVPII indicate photo-theodolite stations. [159] Wordie Ice Shelf has gone from an area of 1,500km2 (580sqmi) in 1950 to 1,400km2 (540sqmi) in 2000. 123. Thus, suggests ocean temperature controls ice sheet surface runoff at specific sites. Both are more than 2.5km (1.6mi) shorter than a century ago. Ice shelves are not stable when surface melting occurs, and the collapse of Larsen Ice Shelf has been caused by warmer melt season temperatures that have led to surface melting and the formation of shallow ponds of water on the ice shelf. The Columbia Glacier near Valdez in Prince William Sound retreated 15km (9.3mi) in the 25 years from 1980 to 2005. 91% of travelers recommend this experience. 43.4 x 29.0 cm 17.1 x 11.4 in (300dpi) Request Price Add To Basket ADD TO BOARD Share. [120] The Quelccaya Ice Cap is the second largest tropical icecap in the world after the Coropuna ice cap,[121] and all of the outlet glaciers from the icecap are retreating. The Victoria Glacier is a sight to see as you view the beautiful Lake Louise. One of the more accessible in the Canadian Rockies is the Athabasca Glacier, which is an outlet glacier of the 325km2 (125sqmi) Columbia Icefield. Locations of ice samples LV3a, LV11, LV13, LV14 are shown, together with approximate positions of poles installed by Reference CalkinCalkin (unpublished) over summer 196162.and locations of Figures 6 and 7. Block isapproximately 2 m in diameter; beds of algae indicated by arrows. There is little evidence of recent fluctuations of these glaciers. In Garibaldi Provincial Park in Southwestern British Columbia over 505km2 (195sqmi), or 26%, of the park, was covered by glacier ice at the beginning of the 18th century. Ablation was highest on the white ice of area A and lowest over the discoloured ice of upper area C, while movement was greatest on area A. [114] To the west of Mounts Kilimanjaro and Kenya, the Ruwenzori Range rises to 5,109m (16,762ft). [46] The Briksdalsbreen glacier retreated 230m (750ft) between 1996 and 2004 with 130m (430ft) of that in the last year of that study; the greatest annual retreat recorded on that glacier since studies began there in 1900. This glacier retreat exposed a rapidly expanding lagoon, Jkulsrln, which is filled with icebergs calved from its front. A comparison of photographs taken from point LVPI also confirms a minor recession, while a similar minor recession observed from LVPII should be dismissed, as the bench mark is suspected to be unstable. In 1892 a GLOF released some 200,000m3 (260,000cuyd) of water from the lake of the Tte Rousse Glacier, resulting in the deaths of 200 people in the French town of Saint-Gervais-les-Bains. The typical dimension of the island's glaciers was about 0.3 sq. [7] Climate change may cause variations in both temperature and snowfall, resulting in changes in mass balance. [101] The Marinelli Glacier in Tierra del Fuego has been in retreat since at least 1960 through 2008. It is expected that due to their proximity to the heavy moisture of the Congo region, the glaciers in the Ruwenzori Range may recede at a slower rate than those on Kilimanjaro or in Kenya. There are no media in the current basket. [90], There are thousands of glaciers in Alaska but only few have been named. Ice body C has at its terminus an abnormally thick zone of discoloured basal ice. The result is marginal recession of the accumulation zone margin, not just of the terminus. These glacier forefields serve as an ideal ecosystem for studying transformations in community composition and diversity over time and the interactions between taxonomic groups in a dynamic landscape. If the mass balance of a significant portion of the accumulation zone of the glacier is negative, it is in disequilibrium with the climate and will melt away without a colder climate and/or an increase in frozen precipitation. [138] On the Hazen Plateau of Ellesmere Island, the Simmon Ice Cap has lost 47% of its area since 1959. This glacier has retreated a lot in the last 20 years. 9), This sample gave a radiocarbon age of 20 200 2400 year BP (NZ 6531 A). It covers almost 14 million km2 and some 30 million km3 of ice. Enterprise. Hewitt, C. Xiao, G. Aalgeirsdttir, S.S. Drijfhout, T.L. [56][57][58] Between the years 1952 and 2006, the glaciers found in the Aktru Basin region shrank by 7.2percent. "the most dramatic evidence that earth's climate is warming is the . "[21][22] The fact that the IPCC estimates did not include rapid ice sheet decay into their sea level predictions makes it difficult to ascertain a plausible estimate for sea level rise but a 2008 study found that the minimum sea level rise will be around 0.8 metres (2.6ft) by 2100.[23]. Ice-cored Ross Sea drift has survived the entire Holocene at many locations in the Dry Valleys. I am grateful for the assistance given in the field by R. Dickson and T. Butler. Chacaltaya Glacier has lost 90% of its mass since 1940 and was expected to disappear altogether sometime between 2010 and 2015. The University of Oxford study also reported that an average of 1.28% of the volume of these glaciers had been lost per year between 1974 and 1990. Victoria Glacier topographic map with flow arrows and specific elevations. Tripadvisor performs checks on reviews. We recommend booking Victoria Glacier tours ahead of time to secure your spot. Since 1960 the average retreat of Blomstrandbreen has been about 35m (115ft) a year, and this average was enhanced due to an accelerated rate of retreat since 1995. [128] An expedition to the remaining glaciers on Puncak Jaya in 2010 discovered that the ice on the glaciers there is about 32 metres (105ft) thick and thinning at a rate of 7 metres (23ft) annually. Karl Ricker Nov 22, 2022 7:00 AM. This number is based on the percentage of all Tripadvisor reviews for this product that have a bubble rating of 4 or higher. 7. Looking out over Lake Louise, you'll see what's left of the once mighty Victoria Glacier that created this iconic lake at the end of the last Ice Age. The retreat of glaciers since 1850 affects the availability of fresh water for irrigation and domestic use, mountain recreation, animals and plants that depend on glacier-melt, and, in the longer term, the level of the oceans. Victoria Glacier (Banff National Park) - All You Need to Know BEFORE You Go. [111] A March 2005 report indicated that almost no glacial ice remained on the mountain, and the paper noted this as the first time in 11,000 years that barren ground had been exposed on portions of the summit. British Columbia has 17,000 glaciers, and most of them are on the verge of extinction. If you are a resident of another country or region, please select the appropriate version of Tripadvisor for your country or region in the drop-down menu. However, present scientific theory (Meier and Post, 1987, Trabant and others, 2003) suggests that calving glaciers cycle between advance and retreat patterns; with rapid retreats, followed by stable retracted positions, slow advances, and then stable extended positions that are not directly . 10) from the cation ratios of glacier meltwater to sea-water, then towards higher Mg++ ratios, as in lake waters (Lake Bonney, Taylor Valley), and finally, aftermany tens of thousands of years, to evolve to a Ca++ base, such as occurs in Don Juan Pond (Reference Torii, Torii, Murata and YamagataTorii and others, 1981). By 1948 the adjacent fjord had filled in, and the glacier no longer calved and was able to continue its advance. [29][30] The glacier has retreated 2,300m (7,500ft) since the end of the Little Ice Age. Do you need to book in advance to visit Victoria Glacier? 7) may result from unusually high compressive flow thickening the basal ice layers, while the upper ice has been lost to ablation. About 99percent of all freshwater ice is in the great ice sheets of polar and subpolar Antarctica and Greenland. (Photo by Philip Hall / University of Alaska Anchorage) From about 1500 to 1800, every glacier in the region was advancing, adding more mass at the top than it lost at its terminus. These contain as much water as is found in all the lakes and reservoirs in the rest of the state, and provide much of the stream and river flow in the dry summer months, approximating some 870,000m3 (1,140,000cuyd). [159] After their loss the reduced buttressing of feeder glaciers has allowed the expected speed-up of inland ice masses after shelf ice break-up. Thwaites glacier, also known as "Doomsday glacier," is one of the fastest-retreating glaciers in Antarctica. Over the 196162 summer season, Calkin installed a line of seven poles across the glacier snout (Reference CalkinCalkin, unpublished) at locations shown on Figure 3. Researchers from the University of Calgary and the University of Western Ontario have shown that glaciers in the Lake Louise area and at the Athabaska Fig. Beyond the tea house ascend through rugged terrain and then along a crest of a moraine to the breathtaking overlook at the base of Mount Victoria.